The inhibition of a prepotent response represents a hallmark of executive (or cognitive) control, allowing individuals to adapt to the ever-changing environment. This ability can be studied with the stop-signal paradigm, in which “go” processes (execution of the response) and “stop” processes (inhibition of the response) compete against each other. This competition leads to proactive and reactive response-strategy adjustments in order to balance between speed and caution. These adjustments have been studied intensively in adult samples; however, few studies had explored these adjustments from a developmental perspective. Therefore, 107 children aged from 6 to 12 years old were given a stop-signal task in which we distinguished proactive (delaying response) from reactive (post-error slowing) adjustments in order to study developmental trends in the inhibition of a prepotent response, as well as proactive and reactive response-strategy adjustments. Developmental improvement in inhibition of a prepotent response and proactive adjustment abilities were observed, whereas reactive response-strategy adjustment remained stable during the age span studied here. These results replicated and extended previous knowledge about the development of cognitive control.